{"id":1490,"date":"2023-02-17T19:25:24","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T18:25:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/?p=1490"},"modified":"2023-02-23T21:03:02","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T20:03:02","slug":"trpaslictvi-u-psu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/news\/trpaslictvi-u-psu\/","title":{"rendered":"Trpaslictv\u00ed u ps\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trpaslictv\u00ed<\/strong> je r\u016fznorod\u00e1 skupina d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch poruch, kter\u00e9 postihuj\u00ed r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj kost\u00ed a chrupavek. Domestikace a um\u011bl\u00e1 selekce vedly ke zna\u010dn\u00fdm rozd\u00edl\u016fm ve velikosti a tvaru kostry r\u016fzn\u00fdch plemen ps\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00e1 chondrodyspl\u00e1zie zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed zakrslost, je typickou vlastnost\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch plemen, jako je jezev\u010d\u00edk, corgi, baset, ale i \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch plemen.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Jezev\u010d\u00edk m\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 nohy, co\u017e je zp\u016fsobenou genetickou mutac\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed chondrodystrofii a chondrodyspl\u00e1zii. Tato genetick\u00e1 anom\u00e1lie je dokonce plemenn\u00fdch znakem.<\/strong> Foto: Pixabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Chondrodyspl\u00e1zie a chondrodystrofie<\/a> jsou d\u016fsledkem specifick\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a tou je vlo\u017een\u00ed retrogen\u016f FGF4 na r\u016fzn\u00e9 ps\u00ed chromozomy. N\u011bkter\u00e1 kr\u00e1tkonoh\u00e1 plemena, jako jsou jezev\u010d\u00edci, francouz\u0161t\u00ed buldo\u010dci a corgiov\u00e9 maj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vyh\u0159eznut\u00ed meziobratlov\u00e9 plot\u00e9nky, kter\u00e9 je spojeno s v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bnou genetickou zm\u011bnou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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U argentinsk\u00e9 dogy byla objevena mutace v genu PRKG2 zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed dispropor\u010dn\u00ed trpaslictv\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e9 deformacemi p\u0159edn\u00edch kon\u010detin a nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b velkou hlavou. U labradorsk\u00fdch retr\u00edvr\u016f s m\u00edrnou formou dispropor\u010dn\u00edho trpaslictv\u00ed, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho jako skelet\u00e1ln\u00ed dysplazie 2 (SD2), byla objevena p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 mutace v\u00a0genu COL11A2. U norsk\u00fdch los\u00edch ps\u016f byla pops\u00e1na mutace v genu ITGA10, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobovala chondrodyspl\u00e1zii u dev\u00edti posti\u017een\u00fdch ps\u016f. U miniaturn\u00edch pudl\u016f posti\u017een\u00fdch osteochondrodyspl\u00e1zi\u00ed<\/a> byla zji\u0161t\u011bna delece chromozomov\u00e9 oblasti zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st genu SLC13A1. D\u00e1le byly pops\u00e1ny mutace v genu COL9A2 u samojed\u016f a COL9A3 u labradorsk\u00fdch retr\u00edvr\u016f a seversk\u00fdch eskym\u00e1ck\u00fdch ps\u016f, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed okuloskelet\u00e1ln\u00ed dyspl\u00e1zii, formu kr\u00e1tkonoh\u00e9ho trpaslictv\u00ed s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi o\u010dn\u00edmi vadami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Genetick\u00e1 mutace v genu LHX3 vede k nedostate\u010dn\u011b tvorb\u011b hormon\u016f hypof\u00fdzy, zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed propor\u010dn\u00ed trpaslictv\u00ed nap\u0159. u n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ov\u010d\u00e1k\u016f. Vlevo je zdrav\u00fd dosp\u011bl\u00fd pes, vpravo trpasli\u010d\u00ed pes.<\/strong> Foto: Voorbij, A. M. et al., 2011<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Trpasli\u010d\u00ed vzr\u016fst m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsoben vrozen\u00fdm nedostatkem hormon\u016f, kter\u00fd obvykle vede k proporcion\u00e1ln\u00edmu zakrsl\u00e9mu vzr\u016fstu a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161t\u011bn\u011b\u010d\u00ed srsti. Hypofyz\u00e1rn\u00ed dwarfismus<\/a>, kter\u00fd je zp\u016fsoben delec\u00ed v genu LHX3, byl pozorov\u00e1n u \u010dty\u0159 r\u016fzn\u00fdch plemen ps\u016f, nap\u0159. u n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ov\u010d\u00e1k\u016f. Krom\u011b toho byla u ps\u016f plemene karelsk\u00fd medv\u011bd se stejn\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm identifikov\u00e1na mutace v genu POU1F1. Jeden p\u0159\u00edpad proporcion\u00e1ln\u00edho trpaslictv\u00ed u \u010divavy, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fd hypoglyk\u00e9mi\u00ed a kolapsem, byl spojen s delec\u00ed v genu GH1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Disproporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed trpaslictv\u00ed ned\u00e1vno objeven\u00e9 u ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho oha\u0159e. Vlevo zdrav\u00fd pes, vpravo posti\u017een\u00fd. <\/strong>Foto: Ludwig-Peisker et al., 2022.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nov\u011b popsan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina disproporcion\u00e1ln\u00edho trpaslictv\u00ed<\/a> postihuje i tak zdrav\u00e9 a sportovn\u00ed plemeno jako je ma\u010farsk\u00fd oha\u0159. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je mutace v\u00a0genu PCYT1A objeven\u00e1 teprve ned\u00e1vno, tedy ke konci roku 2022. Posti\u017een\u00ed psi maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9 a deformovan\u00e9 pa\u017en\u00ed a stehenn\u00ed kosti, zat\u00edmco t\u011blo a hlava maj\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Genetick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje velmi v\u00fdznamnou prevenci genetick\u00fdch vad u ps\u00edch plemen. Pomoc\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed lze dos\u00e1hnout v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed narozen\u00ed \u0161t\u011b\u0148at s genetick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Reference:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voorbij, A. M., van Steenbeek, F. G., Vos-Loohuis, M., Martens, E. E., Hanson-Nilsson, J. M., van Oost, B. A., … & Leegwater, P. A. (2011). A contracted DNA repeat in LHX3 intron 5 is associated with aberrant splicing and pituitary dwarfism in German shepherd dogs. PloS one<\/em>, 6<\/em>(11), e27940.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ludwig-Peisker, O., Ansel, E., Schweizer, D., Jagannathan, V., Loechel, R., & Leeb, T. (2022). PCYT1A Missense Variant in Vizslas with Disproportionate Dwarfism. Genes, 13(12), 2354.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trpaslictv\u00ed je r\u016fznorod\u00e1 skupina d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch poruch, kter\u00e9 postihuj\u00ed r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj kost\u00ed a chrupavek. Domestikace a um\u011bl\u00e1 selekce vedly ke zna\u010dn\u00fdm rozd\u00edl\u016fm ve velikosti a tvaru kostry r\u016fzn\u00fdch plemen ps\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00e1 chondrodyspl\u00e1zie zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed zakrslost, je typickou vlastnost\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch plemen, jako je jezev\u010d\u00edk, corgi, baset, ale i \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch plemen. Chondrodyspl\u00e1zie a chondrodystrofie jsou d\u016fsledkem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":3,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t