{"id":3275,"date":"2026-02-11T09:16:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T08:16:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/?p=3275"},"modified":"2026-02-12T09:27:08","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T08:27:08","slug":"cestina-specialni-balicek-genetickych-testu-pro-kolie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/nezarazene\/cestina-specialni-balicek-genetickych-testu-pro-kolie\/","title":{"rendered":"Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek genetick\u00fdch test\u016f pro k\u00f3lie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Genetick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je u mnoha ps\u00edch plemen velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem prevence d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159ipravili jsme proto speci\u00e1ln\u00ed panel test\u016f ur\u010den\u00fd pro k\u00f3lie (kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00e9 i dlouhosrst\u00e9), kter\u00fd zahrnuje v\u0161echna kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed typick\u00e1 pro toto plemeno. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku najdete p\u0159ehled a popis v\u0161ech chorob i sledovan\u00fdch znak\u016f obsa\u017een\u00fdch v bal\u00ed\u010dku Dlouhosrst\u00e1 a kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00e1 k\u00f3lie BAL\u00cd\u010cEK | genocan.eu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anom\u00e1lie o\u010d\u00ed u k\u00f3li\u00ed (CEA)<\/strong> je vrozen\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 vada oka. Navzdory n\u00e1zvu se vyskytuje hlavn\u011b u pasteveck\u00fdch plemen (dlouho- i kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00e1 kolie, sheltie, australsk\u00fd ov\u010d\u00e1k, border kolie aj.). U\u017e b\u011bhem embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje vznik\u00e1 nedokonal\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed c\u00e9vnatky (choroid\u00e1ln\u00ed hypoplazie) a n\u011bkdy i s\u00edtnice. P\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edho pozad\u00ed je n\u00e1lez obvykle vid\u011bt u ter\u010de zrakov\u00e9ho nervu jako sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed \u010di zten\u010den\u00e1 oblast; u t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch forem se m\u016f\u017ee objevit kolobom a riziko odchl\u00edpen\u00ed s\u00edtnice. Nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vy\u0161et\u0159it \u0161t\u011b\u0148ata ve v\u011bku 7\u20138 t\u00fddn\u016f; po 3. m\u011bs\u00edci m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt l\u00e9ze \u201ezmaskov\u00e1na\u201c pigmentac\u00ed. D\u011bdi\u010dnost je autozom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u00ed s prom\u011bnlivou expresivitou, proto se v chovu uplat\u0148uje DNA test a o\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRA-rcd2 (rod-cone dysplazie typu 2)<\/strong> je d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice typick\u00e9 pro dlouhosrst\u00e9 i kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00e9 kolie. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dasn\u011b nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed formy progresivn\u00ed retin\u00e1ln\u00ed atrofie s rychl\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem. U \u0161t\u011b\u0148at doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poru\u0161e v\u00fdvoje ty\u010dinek a \u010d\u00edpk\u016f: jejich zr\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b zastav\u00ed a n\u00e1sleduje rychl\u00e1 degenerace fotoreceptor\u016f. Prvn\u00ed projevy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161eroslepost kolem 6. t\u00fddne v\u011bku (nejistota ve tm\u011b, nar\u00e1\u017een\u00ed), pot\u00e9 se zrak rychle zhor\u0161uje. V\u011bt\u0161ina posti\u017een\u00fdch ps\u016f je funk\u010dn\u011b slep\u00e1 mezi 6.\u201312. m\u011bs\u00edcem \u017eivota. Vada se d\u011bd\u00ed autozom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u011b; p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di jsou bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, proto je v chovu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed DNA testov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010de pouze s geneticky \u010dist\u00fdm partnerem. Posti\u017een\u00ed jedinci se do chovu neza\u0159azuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Degenerativn\u00ed myelopatie (DM)<\/strong> je progresivn\u00ed, nel\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edchy, kter\u00e9 se nej\u010dast\u011bji objevuje u star\u0161\u00edch ps\u016f (typicky kolem 8. roku) a postihuje psy i feny. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku b\u00fdv\u00e1 patrn\u00e1 nejistota zadn\u00edch kon\u010detin, \u201e\u0161oup\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c dr\u00e1p\u016f a zhor\u0161en\u00e1 koordinace. Postupn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 slabost, ataxie a svalov\u00e1 atrofie; v pokro\u010dil\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch se m\u016f\u017ee objevit inkontinence a n\u00e1sledn\u011b ztr\u00e1ta hybnosti p\u00e1nevn\u00edch kon\u010detin a\u017e paral\u00fdza. DM je spojena s variantou v genu SOD1. D\u011bdi\u010dnost je autozom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u00ed s variabiln\u00ed penetranc\u00ed: i geneticky \u201erizikov\u00fd\u201c pes nemus\u00ed onemocn\u011bt a z testu nelze odhadnout v\u011bk n\u00e1stupu ani rychlost progrese. Pro chovatele m\u00e1 smysl testov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rodokmen\u016f. Chovatelsky je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat genetick\u00fd test jako pom\u016fcku k omezen\u00ed rizika, ale nevy\u0159azovat plo\u0161n\u011b v\u0161echny nositele bez ohledu na genetickou diverzitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obr\u00e1zek 1. Histopatologie m\u00edchy u degenerativn\u00ed myelopatie (DM). A) Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed pes B) Pes posti\u017een\u00fd DM: Na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch je vid\u011bt \u00fabytek b\u00edl\u00e9 hmoty (mod\u0159e) u nemocn\u00e9ho psa.
Zdroj: Awano T, et al. PNAS (2009). 106(8):2794-2799 and March PA, et al. Vet Path (2009). 46:241-250. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Malign\u00ed hypertermie (MH)<\/strong> je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 porucha kostern\u00ed svaloviny, kter\u00e1 se v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b obvykle neprojevuje. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 reakce se m\u016f\u017ee rozvinout p\u0159i anestezii po pod\u00e1n\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch l\u00e1tek (nap\u0159. halotan, isofluran, sevofluran). Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nekontrolovan\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b, ztuhlosti, tachykardii a rychl\u00e9mu vzestupu t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty. Bez rychl\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu hroz\u00ed arytmie, rabdomyol\u00fdza, selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin a \u00fahyn. P\u0159i podez\u0159en\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 anestezii okam\u017eit\u011b ukon\u010dit, aktivn\u011b chladit pacienta a podat l\u00e9\u010diva sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed svalov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (nap\u0159. dantrolen podle protokolu). U rizikov\u00fdch ps\u016f lze zvolit bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anestetika bez spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d\u016f. U ps\u016f se uv\u00e1d\u00ed autozom\u00e1ln\u011b dominantn\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dnost; posti\u017een\u00fd jedinec m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edat riziko asi 50 % potomk\u016f. Chovatel\u00e9 by m\u011bli informovat veterin\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159ed z\u00e1kroky; u rizikov\u00fdch ps\u016f lze zvolit bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anestetick\u00fd protokol bez spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoho\u010detn\u00e1 l\u00e9kov\u00e1 rezistence (MDR1)<\/strong> je d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 farmakogenetick\u00e1 citlivost typick\u00e1 pro plemena z \u201ecollie\u201c linie a dal\u0161\u00ed pasteveck\u00e9 psy. Varianta v genu ABCB1 vede ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 funkci P-glykoproteinu, transportn\u00ed \u201epump\u011b\u201c v hematoencefalick\u00e9 bari\u00e9\u0159e a dal\u0161\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00edch. P-glykoprotein za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed omezuje pr\u016fnik n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div do mozku; p\u0159i jeho poru\u0161e se l\u00e1tky mohou hromadit a vyvolat neurotoxickou reakci. Rizikov\u00e9 jsou zejm\u00e9na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vky ivermektinu, loperamid, n\u011bkter\u00e1 sedativa\/analgetika (nap\u0159. acepromazin, butorfanol) a vybran\u00e1 chemoterapeutika. P\u0159\u00edznaky zahrnuj\u00ed hypersalivaci, slabost, ataxii, t\u0159es, z\u00e1chvaty, slepotu a v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech respira\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejv\u00edce ohro\u017eeni jsou homozygoti, ale m\u00edrn\u011b reagovat mohou i heterozygoti; pro chov a bezpe\u010dnou l\u00e9\u010dbu je vhodn\u00fd DNA test a informov\u00e1n\u00ed veterin\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPD (z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed plic koli\u00ed)<\/strong> je d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd syndrom popsan\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u dlouhosrst\u00e9 kolie. Projevuje se opakovan\u00fdmi epizodami z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a\u017e bronchopneumonie. P\u0159\u00edznaky mohou za\u010d\u00ednat u\u017e u velmi mlad\u00fdch \u0161t\u011b\u0148at: ka\u0161el, zrychlen\u00e9 \u010di nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdtok z nosu, hore\u010dka a n\u011bkdy i opakovan\u00e9 p\u011bniv\u00e9 zvracen\u00ed. Psi \u010dasto reaguj\u00ed na antibiotika a podp\u016frnou l\u00e9\u010dbu, pot\u00ed\u017ee se v\u0161ak po ukon\u010den\u00ed terapie mohou rychle vracet, tak\u017ee pr\u016fb\u011bh b\u00fdv\u00e1 chronick\u00fd a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161uje kvalitu \u017eivota. D\u011bdi\u010dnost je autozom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u00ed, proto se nemoc objevuje hlavn\u011b p\u0159i spojen\u00ed dvou p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010d\u016f. V chovu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 genetick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed (pokud je dostupn\u00e9) a pe\u010dliv\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch lini\u00ed. U podez\u0159el\u00fdch lini\u00ed m\u00e1 smysl genetick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed kryt\u00ed tak, aby se nespojovali dva p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cyklick\u00e1 neutropenie (CN)<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako syndrom \u0161ed\u00e9 kolie \u010di cyklick\u00e1 hematopo\u00e9za, je velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u dlouhosrst\u00fdch i kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00fdch koli\u00ed. Jde o poruchu kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje pravideln\u00e9 kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed tvorby krevn\u00edch bun\u011bk, nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bji t\u011b\u017ekou neutropenii. V 10\u201312denn\u00edch cyklech p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed dny s dramatick\u00fdm poklesem neutrofil\u016f; tehdy jsou \u0161t\u011b\u0148ata extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 k infekc\u00edm. Projevuj\u00ed se hore\u010dky, letargie, pr\u016fjmy, bronchopneumonie, ko\u017en\u00ed a slizni\u010dn\u00ed infekce, bolestivost kloub\u016f a n\u011bkdy i krv\u00e1civ\u00e9 projevy. Typick\u00e9 je i zesv\u011btlen\u00e9 \u201e\u0161ed\u00e9\u201c zbarven\u00ed a slab\u0161\u00ed pigmentace. Progn\u00f3za je nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 a mnoho \u0161t\u011b\u0148at hyne mlad\u00fdch, i kdy\u017e intenzivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de m\u016f\u017ee pr\u016fb\u011bh prodlou\u017eit. D\u011bdi\u010dnost je autozom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u00ed; p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di jsou bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, proto je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd DNA test v chovu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lokus L (dlouhosrstost) <\/strong>je genetick\u00fd test d\u00e9lky srsti, kter\u00fd hodnot\u00ed varianty v genu FGF5. FGF5 reguluje chlupov\u00fd cyklus a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 ukon\u010dit r\u016fstovou f\u00e1zi chlupu (anagen) a p\u0159epnout folikul do f\u00e1ze \u00fatlumu (catagen). Pokud je funkce FGF5 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1, r\u016fstov\u00e1 f\u00e1ze se prodlu\u017euje a chlupy dor\u016fstaj\u00ed do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00e9lky, tak\u017ee pes m\u00e1 dlouhou srst. U ps\u016f existuje v\u00edce recesivn\u00edch variant FGF5; dlouh\u00e1 srst se obvykle projev\u00ed, kdy\u017e jedinec zd\u011bd\u00ed dv\u011b \u201edlouhosrst\u00e9\u201c alely (v jak\u00e9koli kombinaci). D\u011bdi\u010dnost je autozom\u00e1ln\u011b recesivn\u00ed: p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010d je v\u011bt\u0161inou kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00fd, ale p\u0159i spojen\u00ed dvou p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010d\u016f m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt \u010d\u00e1st potomk\u016f dlouhou srst (orienta\u010dn\u011b 25 %). Test je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vrh\u016f a vysv\u011btlen\u00ed fenotypu v chovu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obr\u00e1zek 2. D\u00e9lka srsti u ps\u016f je \u0159\u00edzena genetickou variantou v genu FGF5.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Genetick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je u mnoha ps\u00edch plemen velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem prevence d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159ipravili jsme proto speci\u00e1ln\u00ed panel test\u016f ur\u010den\u00fd pro k\u00f3lie (kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00e9 i dlouhosrst\u00e9), kter\u00fd zahrnuje v\u0161echna kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed typick\u00e1 pro toto plemeno. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku najdete p\u0159ehled a popis v\u0161ech chorob i sledovan\u00fdch znak\u016f obsa\u017een\u00fdch v bal\u00ed\u010dku Dlouhosrst\u00e1 a kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00e1 k\u00f3lie BAL\u00cd\u010cEK […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3275"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3275\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genocan.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}